Unit 01: Science as a Way of Knowing Crossword

A type of reality in which what we ‘know’ is a part of the culture we share with those around us.
A type of reality in which what we ‘know’ is based on personal experience and discovery.
The logical aspect of science.
The science of knowing.
The science of finding out.
___________ patterns occur when an effect occurs more often when the causes are present than when they are absent.
A form of human inquiry where people believe things to be true because they have always been that way and ‘everyone knows’.
A form of human inquiry where people believe things to be true because an expert says so.
An error in human inquiry that occurs when we make mistakes in our observations. (two-words)
An error in human inquiry that occurs when some evidence supports one belief, but then that individual falsely assumes it applies to other situations as well.
Repetition of a research study in order to either confirm the findings of a previous study or bring them into question.
An error in human inquiry that occurs when an individual selects out certain events in order to confirm his or her belief and thereby ignores all contradictory information. (two-words)
An error in human inquiry that is analogues to gamblers fallacy. (two-words)
The ____________ view of reality assumes that we see things as they really are.
The ______________ view of reality suggests that there is an objective reality to be discovered and observed.
The ___________ view of reality suggests that there is no ‘truth’ as everything looks different from different points of view.
Data __________ looks for patterns in observations and, where appropriate, compared what is logically expected with what is actually observed.
Common patterns in social life.
A logical grouping of attributes.
In the variable ‘gender,’ the ___________ would be ‘male’ and ‘female’.
A type of variable that is presumed be the cause.
A type of variable that is presumed to be the outcome or effect.
An approach to explanation in which we seek to exhaust all possible causes of a particular condition or event.
An approach to explanation in which we seek to identify a few causal factors that influence a class of conditions or events.
The logical model in which general principles or theories are developed from specific observations (or the bottom up).
The logical model in which specific theories or expectations of hypotheses are developed and then empirically tested (or the top down).
The numerical representation and manipulation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining the phenomena that those observations reflect.
The non-numerical examination and interpretation of observations, for the purpose of discovering underlying meanings and patterns of relationships.
___________ research creates knowledge for knowledge’s sake.
A type of research that has a practical component – for example, evaluation research.
A research project guarantees ___________ when the researcher can identify a given person’s responses but promises not to do so publicly.
A basic ethical rule of social research is that participation should be __________.
The foremost ethical rule of social research is that it brings no ________ to research subjects.