Renaissance Crossword

The _________________________ was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic "rebirth" following the Middle Ages. Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century, the ______________________ promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art
A period of European history that began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe. Rebirth of Classical (Greece/Rome) art/architecture - humanistic focus - patrons - families like Medici and the Catholic Church - blended natural world w/ religion - transition away from religion.
A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem. A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
A Renaissance cultural movement which turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought. A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements.
A medieval and early modern central European Germanic empire, which often consisted of hundreds of separate Germanic and Northern Italian states. An empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy.
A group of territories in central Italy ruled by the popes from 754 until 1870. They were originally given to the papacy by Pepin the Short and reached their greatest extent in 1859. The last papal state—the Vatican City—was formally established as a separate state by the Lateran Treaty of 1929.
A city-state surrounded by Rome, Italy, is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. It's home to the Pope and a trove of iconic art and architecture.
A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351. The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.
A city with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. Eg., Vatican City.
A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations. An indifference to religion and a belief that religion should be excluded from civic affairs and public education.
a system of government in which priests (religious leaders) rule in the name of God or a god.
Renaissance humanist who promoted secularism in politics: Scholar and statesman whose The Prince eschewed traditional Christian views of the responsibilities of political leaders to focus instead on the acquisition and maintenance of power for its own sake. Wrote The Prince (1513), the first modern manual of politics. It was a very secular text based on reality and practical politics. Believed the end justifies the means. His model was Cesare Borgia.
A book wrote by Niccolo Machiavelli in 1513 about the imperfect conduct of humans and says how a ruler is able to keep power and manage to keep it disregarding enemies. Written by Machiavelli, described that power is more important, "better to be feared than loved"
A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa.
A wealthy Florentine and an astute statesman, who brought power back to Florence in 1434 when he ascended to power; controlled the city behind the scenes, He skillfully manipulated the constitution and influencing elections; through his informal, cordial relations with the electoral committee, and was able to keep councilors loyal to him in the Signoria (the governing body of Florence, composed of 8 councilors); as head of the Office of Public Debt, He was the grandfather of Lorenzo the Magnificent.
The Signoria was the government of medieval and renaissance Florence. Its nine members, the Priori, were chosen from the ranks of the guilds of the city: six of them from the major guilds, and two from the minor guilds. The ninth became the Gonfaloniere of Justice.
A ruler in Florence who becomes Patron of the Arts. an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent by contemporary Florentines, he was a magnate, diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists and poets.
An Italian city-state and leading cultural center during the Renaissance; once of hot spots of Renaissance culture in the 1400s.
Deriving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity, and restraint; the principles and styles admired in the classics of Greek and Roman literature, such as objectivity, sensibility, restraint, and formality
A Dominican friar in Florence who preached against sin and corruption and gained a large following; he expelled the Medici from Florence but was later excommunicated and executed for criticizing the Pope; wanted to overthrow the Medici Dynasty. is famous for burning books, and for the destruction of what he considered immoral art. Savonarola was a priest but he preached against the moral corruption of the clergy and the Church of Rome. His main enemy was Pope Alexander VI.