Chapter 9 Crossword

A type of representation in which a representative is held accountable to a constituency. If he or she fails to represent that constituency properly the people have the right to hire and fire them. This is incentive for good representation when the personal backgrounds, views, and interests differ from those of his or her constituency
The process, occuring after every decennial census, that allocates congressional seats among the 50 states
The amounts of money approved by Congress in statutes (bills) that each unit or agency of government can spend
Having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses
A proposed law that has been sponsored by a member of Congress and submitted to the clerk of the House or Senate
A rule or process in a legislative body aimed at ending debate on a given bill; in the US Senate, 60 senators (three fifths) must agree in order to impose a time limit and end debate
Joint committees created to work out a compromise on House and Senate versions of a piece of legislation
A gathering of House republicans every two years to elect their House leaders; Democrats call their gathering caucus
The residents in the area from which an official is elected
A tactic used by members of the senate to prevent action on legislation they oppose by continuously holding the floor and speaking until the majority backs down; once given the floor, senators have unlimited time to speak, and it requires a vote of three-fifths of the senate to end
The apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party
The formal charge by the House of Representatives that a government official has committed "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors"
Holding a political office for which one is running
legislative committees formed of members of both the House and Senate
a legislative practice whereby agreements are made between legislators in voting for or against a bill; vote trading
The elected leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives or in the Senate; in the House, the majority leader is subordinate in the party hierarchy to the Speaker of the House
The elected leader of the minority party in the House or Senate
The effort by congress, through hearings, investigations, and other techniques, to exercise control over the activities of executive agencies
A roll-call vote in the House or Senate in which at least 50 percent of the members of one party take a particular position and are opposed by at least 50 percent of members in the other party
The resources available to higher officials, usually opportunities to make partisan appointments to offices and confer grants, licenses, or special favors to supporters
A presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 10 days of a legislative session
Appropriations made by legislative bodies for local projects that are often not needed but that are created so that local representatives can win re-election in their home districts
A proposal in Congress to provide a specific person with some kind of relief, such as a special exemption from immigration quotas
The process of redrawing election districts and redistributing legislative representatives; this happens every 10 years to reflect shifts in population or in response to legal challenges to existing districts
A vote in which each legislator's yes or no vote is recorded as the clerk calls the names of the members alphabetically
Usually temporary legislative committees set up to highlight or investigate a particular issue or address an issue not within the jurisdiction of existing committees
The ranking given to an individual on the basis of length of continuous service on a committee in Congress
a type of representation in which representatives have the same racial, gender, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents. It is based on the principle that if two individuals are similar in background, character, interests, and perspectives, then one could correctly represent the other's views
The chief presiding officer of the House of Representatives; the Speaker is the most important party and House leader, and can influence the legislative agenda, the fate of individual pieces of legislation, and members' positions within the House
A permanent committee with the power to propose and write legislation that covers a particular subject