Immunology Acronyms Crossword

Ab, immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
Ag, a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, the end stage of disease in HIV infection
Autoimmune regulator, a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus
____ regulator, AIRE
____ presenting cell, APC, a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
B cell receptor, sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells
Cell adhesion molecule
cell ____ molecule, CAM
Family names of chemokines, chemicals that are a sub-class of cytokines with cell-attractant properties
Family names of chemokine receptors, the receptors that chemokines bind to all cell attraction to specific areas in the body
cluster of _______, CD, designation for specific cell-surface molecules on immune cells that help to differentiate one immune cell from another
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD4 which upon activation differentiate into distinct Thelper phenotypes with different roles in adaptive immunity
T cells that express the co-receptor protein CD8 which upon activation differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
______ determining regions, CDR, the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
Cell mediated immunity, adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
_-_____ protein, CRP, acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
____ T lymphocytes, CTL, CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
_____ cell, DC, a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
Fragment with antigen binding, the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
Member of TNF receptor family expressed on certain cells that makes them susceptible to being killed by cells expressing the ligand
or Fc region, Crystallized fragment of antibody, the part of an antibody that consists of the carboxy terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfide-bonded to each other; the Fc region of an antibody is where Fc receptors bind, and so is responsible for antibody effector function (after antigen binding occurs)
Transcription factor expressed in Treg cells that is needed for Treg cell function
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy, multiple drug treatment for HIV
immunodeficiency: human _____ virus, HIV
human ____ antigen, HLA, name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
Intracellular adhesion molecules, cells surface ligands for the leukocyte integrins; Critical in binding of lymphocytes and other leukocytes to certain cells
IFN, family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma
Ig, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
IL, general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
IR
Immunoreceptor ______-based activation motifs, ITAMs, amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
LPS, a cell wall component of gram negative bacteria which can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
mΦ, large mononuclear phagocyte that takes residence in many different tissues and organs and contributes to innate immune responses and can act as an effector cell in adaptive immune responses
Membrane attack complex, end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in pathogen membrane leading to lysis
______-binding lectin, MBL, soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
Major histocompatibility complex, designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
Nuclear factor of activated T cells, a key transcription factor that is required to bind to the IL-2 promoter to cause IL-2 transcription
_____ factor κB, NFκB, transcription factor that helps activate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes
Natural killer cell, large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
Pathogen associated molecular patterns, repeating molecular patterns on microbes that are recognized by PRRs on immune cells
______ leukocytes, PMN, white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
_____ ______ receptors, PRR, receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
Recombination signal sequences, short DNA sequences flanking Ig and TCR V, D and J gene segments that serve as the binding sites for the RAG complex, allowing Ig and TCR gene rearrangement (somatic recombination)
_______-activating genes, RAG1, RAG2, the two genes essential for Ig and TCR gene rearrangement; their gene products (RAG-1 & RAG-2) comprise the RAG complex
Systemic lupus _______, SLE, autoimmune disease where autoantibodies (against DNA, RNA, and proteins associated with nucleic acids) form immune complexes
Surface immunoglobulin, an immunoglobulin that is expressed on B cell surface
thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 and CD8
Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce; involved in fully activating macrophages and promoting CTL responses against intracellular pathogens
Subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by the cytokines they produce; involved in stimulating B cells to produce antibody against extracellular pathogens