Sociology Chapter 2 Crossword

A debate in the social sciences about whether human behavior can be explained in biological/genetic (nature or cultural (nurture) terms
Expected patterns of behavior associated with each status that we hold, such as friend, pupil or teacher
Beliefs or ideas that are important to the people who hold them. Expresses a belief about how something should be
Socially acceptable ways of behaving when playing a particular role
Fundamental assumptions on which a particular persepctive or ideology is
The domain assumptions of Marxism, for example, include economic exploitation and class conflict
An approach focused on the behavior of individuals that refers to three related perspectives (phenomenology, ethnomethodolgy, and symbolic interactionism), based on the concepts of social action.
Type of sociology focused on the study of individuals and small groups
Interactionist approach that argues that the social world consists of phenomena whose meaning is both negotiated and interpreted through interaction
Sociological approach that argues that all social interaction is underpinned by a search for meaning; if we can understand the meanings that people give to a situation we can understand their behavior in such situations. In this respect, it is possible to discover the nature of social order by disrupting it.
Interactionist perspective that analyses society and situations in terms of the subjective meanings people impose on objects, events and behaviors
Criticism of the claim that human beings are simply the product pof their socialization and that behavior can be understood as merely a response to external stimulation OVER-SOCIALIZED CONCEPTION OF
Theory, developed by Giddens, which argues that structure and action are equally significant in terms of our ability to understand the relationship between the individual and society
Behaving in a socially acceptable way
Process through which people learn the various forms of behavior consistent with membership of a particular culture. Young children, for example, must learn the roles, norms ad values they will need to become a fully functioning member of their society, these are things children do not acquire ‘naturally’
An awareness of how others expect us to behave in given situations means that our sense of Self—who we believe ourselves to be—is created through social interaction and exchange
Theory that argues that our sense of self develops from how we are seen by others; we understand who we are looking in the ‘mirror’ of how others behave towards us
Sociological perspective focusing on individuals and how their interactions create and re-create a sense of society
Cultural manipulation of individuals to produce particular social outcomes, such as gender equality
People who are important to us and whose opinions we value SIGNIFICANT
A culture within a larger culture. Take on many forms, such as religious groups, fans of a particular singer or actor, school gang, etc. Sub-cultures usually develop their own norms and values; although these do not necessarily conflict with those of wider cultures within which they exist
Rewards and punishments designed to exert social control and enforce conformity to roles, norms, and values
Repeated exposure to affluent lifestyles and desirable consumer goods that suggests that ‘happiness’ is something that can be bought
Established and accepted cultural practices and behaviors
The idea that our perception of what is real is created through a variety of historical and cultural processes rather than something that is fixed and naturally occurring. Different societies, for example, construct male and female identities differently
Theory developed by and associated with Marxism thar seeks to understand, criticize, and change the nature of capitalist societies or some feature of such societies
The ability to make others do what you want, even against their will
Collective or group identities applied to important roles. Cultures classify, group, and give meaning to broad identities, such as make or female, that define how ‘men’ and ‘women’ are generally expected to behave
A stage in historical development characterized by things like industrialization, urbanization, and the development of science and reason
The culture of the masses, as opposed to the high culture of a ruling elite, characterized as simple worthless, mass-produced, and disposable
More recent form of Marxism, that gives greater importance to cultural factors in explaining human behavior than traditional Marxism (where the emphasis is on economic relationships)