Vocab Unit One Worksheet

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)
historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
the science of behavior and mental processes
an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies
The experimental factor that is manipulated--the variable whose effect is being studied
The outcome factor -- the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtaining by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores
A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance ,thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation
The perception of a relationship where none exists
An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. The correlation coefficient is the mathematical expression of the relationship, ranging from -1 to +1
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effects on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant variable
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
in an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.
in an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment.