Changes in China Crossword

British steam-powered gunboat used in the Opium War to charge up the Yangzi river and later on used for gunboat diplomacy against Asian nations.
Another name for Hong Xiuqan; led the Taiping tianguo (Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace) inspiration from visions from God.
Guild of Chinese merchants in charge of trade with foreigners in Canton during the Qing dynasty.
Ended Opium War with China forced to give Hong Kong to Britain, open five trade ports, and give British citizens extraterritoriality (First of unequal treaties).
Britain fought China over China’s actions to end the opium trade, claiming China had no right to destroy British opium. Britain would win due to China’s obsolete military.
Commissioner sent to Guangzhou to end opium trade with British being forced out and ordered the disposal of confiscated opium.
Schoolteacher that used visions from God to lead Taipings against the Qing dynasty, and called for radical reform like the abolition of property.
Peasants led by Zhang Lexing raided East and central China due to famine and government discontent. Utilized guerilla warfare to outmaneuver Qing armies.
Ma Hualong led Sufi Muslims against Han Chinese in northwest China due to ethnic tensions and fragile social order from Taiping Rebellion.
Slaughter of Muslims in Yunnan would lead to revolts in central China and strengthened by Nian and Taiping rebellions
Revolt against Qing dynasty with rebels capturing Nanjing but eventually defeated by Qing armies with European weapons. Rebels wanted democratic institutions with industrial society.
Anti-foreign rebels backed by empress dowager Cixi who killed foreigners in northern China. Attacked foreign embassies and would be put down in 1901 by a coalition of countries like Britain, France, Japan, etc.
Joint-stock company that ran the opium trade in China to supply company agents with silver bullion to buy tea. Supplied Britain with Chinese Tea
Former concubine who became an influential leader in the Qing dynasty and opposed reform to maintain power with other conservative government officials
Secret society formed from discontent peasants. Eventually led by Hong Xiuqan to be part of the Taiping Rebellion.
Hundred Days Reform leader who pushed for a constitutional monarchy, modern military, and education influenced by European academics to allow China to rival Western imperialism.
Reform leader in Hundred Days Reform who wanted to revamp the civil service examination system because unable to prepare officials against European imperialists and couldn’t prevent corruption.
Last Qing emperor who was appointed by empress dowager Cixi. Appointed at 2 years old and would be forced on and off the throne until warlord Feng Yuxian forced him out of Forbidden City.
Also known as Canton, was the only area where foreign trade was allowed but under close government supervision. The area eventually became the center of the opium trade with the British storing opium in warehouses.
Young emperor who was impressed by foreign political institutions and launched a reform program (Hundred Days Reform). However, would never really be successful because would not stand up to manipulative Cixi who had great influence in the Qing government.
Edicts passed to reform China into a constitutional monarchy and industrial society. Hoped to provide citizens civil liberties and allow foreigners to aid China in modernization. Unfortunately, shut down by empress dowager Cixi who led a coup to execute reformers.
Important river vital to transporting goods in and out of interior China that connected important commercial/political hubs like Shanghai and Nanjing. British would charge up this river to reach Grand Canal which linked to the Yellow River in order to force a Chinese surrender.