vagus
epineurium
somatic afferent
ventral roots
denticulate ligaments
filum terminale
foramen magnum
pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater
sacrum
lumbar
thoracic
cervical
conus medullaris
motion
sensory
paralysis
spinal nerves
spinal cord
Complete paralysis of all 4 extremities and trunk is known as Tetraplegia
The spinal cord passes through the __________ foramen magnum
The tail end of the spinal cord is not “hanging loose.” It is actually anchored via the __________, which connects to the coccyx bone. filum terminale
How many plexus groups branch off the spinal cord? four
Which of the following spinal cord regions are NOT involved with a plexus formation? thoracic
What is the name of the structures that hold the spinal cord in position within the vertebral foramen? denticulate ligaments
Which of the following transmits information from the spinal cord to the extremities of the body? ventral roots
What is the main symptom of spinal cord injuries? Paralysis
The neck region of the spine containing the first seven vertebrae cervical
The region of the spine below the sacrum. It is also known as the tailbone coccyx
The junction or articulation of two or more bones that permits varying degrees of motion between the bones. joint
The surgical treatment of disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. neurosurgery
A part of the spine that is also part of the pelvis. sacrum
The flexible bone column extending from the base of the skull to the tailbone spine
The bony channel that is formed by the intravertebral foramen of the vertebrae and in which contains the spinal cord and nerve roots. spinal canal
The chest level region of the spine that is located between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae thoracic
One of the 33 bones of the spinal column vertebra
Compression of the spinal cord and/or nerve roots resulting in inflammation, pain and neurological symptoms. spinal stenosis
The medical specialty involved in the preservation and restoration of function of the musculoskeletal system orthopaedics
The lower part of the spine between the thoracic region and the sacrum. The lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae. lumbar
Autonomic Nervous system
Brain
Central Nervous System
Cervical nerves
cranial Nerves
Ganglia
Limbic Nervous System
Lumbar Nerves
Median Nerves
Nerves
Neuron
Peripheral Nervous System
Pudendal Nerve
Radial Nerve
Sacral Nerves
Saphenous Nerve
Sciatic Nerve
Somatic Nervous System
Spinal cord
Thoracic Nerves
Tibial Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
chronic, deblitating autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis
Composed of the brain and spinal cord central nervous system
carries impluses from sensory receptor to the CNS afferent nerves
connects the CNS to the other parts of the body PNS
nerve cells within the CNS interneurons
transmit impulse form neural cell body to stimulate target muscle and organ efferent nerves
nerve cells neurons
motor neurons degenerate and die, loss of voluntary muscle movement Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
paralysis from the shoulders down quadriplegia
injury to the head concussion
paralysis form the waist down paraplegia
cushions the brain and spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid
transmits impulses to the CNS sensory neurons
nerves that connect to the skeletal muscles somatic nervous system
control most of the body's movement motor neurons
nerve pain neuralgia
paralysis on one side of the body hemiplegia
controls involuntary bodily functions autonomic nervous system
bruising of the brain contusion
nerve fibers within the central nervous system tract
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain in mammals. It is composed of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. cerebrum
This lobe lies between the occipital bone and the parieto-occipital sulcus. It functions to receive and interpret visual signals. Occipital lobe
These are the shallow groves in the surface of the cerebrum. Sulci
This lobe lies between the temporal bone and the lateral sulcus. It functions in memory, vison, learning, hearing, and emotional behavior. temporal lobe
These structures lie between the frontal bones and the central sulcus, and above the eye orbits. They have motor functions, but also deal with aggression, mood, foresight, motivation, and social judgements. frontal lobes
The spinal or nerve cord is located in the vertebral foramen. It begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the conus medullaris in the lumbar region. It conducts sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to the body spinal cord
These structures lie between the parietal bones and the central sulcus. They function in integration of sensory information with the exception of vision, hearing, and smell. parietal lobes
These are the thick folds in the surface of the cerebrum. gyri
The second largest part of the brain in mammals and the largest part of the brain in birds. The cerebellum is involved in the regulation of posture and balance, fine motor control of skeletal muscles, and repetitive movements. cerebellum
This fissure is a deep groove separating the cerebrum into right and left halves. Longitudinal fissure
An endocrine gland directly attached to the hypothalamus. It is divided into anterior and posterior portions. Anterior pituitary produce hormones which regulate other endocrine glands, and directly affects target cells. Posterior pituitary functions to store and release hormones produced by the hypothalamus. pituitary gland
The longitudinal fissure divides the cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres. Cerebral hemisphere
The region that regulates the day/night cycle. Secretes the hormone motion melatonin, which effects sleepiness. pineal body
The structure that is the major integration system between various organ systems and the nervous system. It coordinates activities of both the nervous and endocrine systems, and between voluntary and autonomic activities. It is attached directly to the pituitary gland. hypothalamus
The part of the brain that contains the nerve tracts and physically joins the two cerebral hemispheres. Corpus callosum
This structure functions to integrate all sensory information (with the exception of smell) from the body, and channels it into proper processing regions in the cerebrum. thalamus
A structure that processes olfactory information and contains centers for reflex movements involved in eating, such as chewing, licking, and swallowing. mammillary body
The medulla is at the base of the brain stem. It contains nerve centers for the regulation of heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiration, swallowing, vomiting coughing, sneezing, and hiccoughing. Medulla oblongata
A region that is also called the “mesencephalon”. It is located above the pons and is the smallest part of the brain stem. The oculomotor, trochlear, and trigeminal cranial nerves originate in this area. midbrain
A structure that is located on the bottom-center of the brain where the two optic nerve cross. Optic chiasma
The pons is located just above the medulla, on the brain stem. It works with the medulla to control respiration and helps regulate sleep. It is the origin for the trigeminal, abducens, facial, and vestibulocochlear cranial nerves pons
These bulbs are located just below the frontal lobes. They function in the sense of smell. Olfactory bulbs
A vertical structure that runs down the back Spine
Small bones that form the spine Vertebrae
Nerves that run inside the spine Spinal=cord
Disks in between each vertebrae Intervertebral=disks
Inner layer of the meninges Pia
Middle layer of the meninges Arachnoid
Outer layer of the meninges Dura=mater
When a disk extends outside of its normal position Bulging=disk
When a bulging disk ruptures Herniated=disk
Most superior region of the spine Cervical=region
Region with the most vertebrae Thoracic=region
Region of the spine that controls the hips, knees, and below Lumbar=region
Controls the feet, bowel, and bladder Sacrum=region
Also known as the tailbone Coccyx
One type of message that the brain sends (hot and cold) Sensory
The other type of message that the brain sends (movement) Motor
Lateral processes of the vertebrae (sticks out) Transverse=process
Medial process of the vertebrae (sticks out) Spinous=process
Between the two types of processes Lamina
What the spinal cord passes through Vertebral=foramen
Process that does not stick out Articular=process
Large portion directly anterior to the vertebral foramen Vertebral=body
Most posterior ligament of the vertebra Super=spinous=ligament
Ligament in the posterior aspect of the vertebral foramen Ligamentum=flavum
a fine, delicate membrane, the middle one of the three membranes or meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord, situated between the dura mater and the pia mater. Arachnoid
at or near the tail or the posterior part of the body. Caudal
of, in, or relating to the head. Cephalic
relating to the spine and brain. Cerebrospinal
surgical opening into the skull. Craniotomy
usually medicine, acting to relieve pain. Analgesic
radiography of an artery, carried out after injection of a radio-opaque substance. Arteriography
motherhood. Maternity
inflammation of the meninges caused by a viral or bacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity to light, and muscular rigidity. Meningitis
inflammation of a peripheral nerve or nerves, usually causing pain and loss of function. Neuritis
paralysis of the legs and lower body, typically caused by spinal injury or disease. Paraplegia
paralysis of all four limbs, also called tetraplegia. Quadriplegia
the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context. Psychology
a downward displacement of the liver. Hepatoptosis
an imaging method that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of structures within your body. Ultrasound
metatarsals
tarsals
calcaneus
fibula
tibia
patella
fermur
phalanges
metacarpals
carpals
radius
humerus
ribs
sternum
scapula
clavicle
sacrum
pelvis
thoracic vertabrae
lumbar vertebrae
cervical vertebrae
mandible
skull
electrical impulse
neurons
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
cerebrum
nerve impulse
relfex arc
neurotransmitters
muscle tissue
synapse
motor meurons
interneurons
sensory neurons
dendrite
cell body
nervous system
nerve
axon
skeletal muscle
spinal cord
Brain
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System
CNs
Central Nervous System
Carries messages away from (efferent) the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands Motor Nerves
Pertaining to the tenth cranial neerve Vagal
Grooves in the Cerebral Cortex Sulci
Part of the brain that controls muscular coordination and balance Cerebellum
Hernia of the spinal cord and meninges Radiculopathy
Elevation in the cerbral cortex Gyri
Essential cell of the nervous system; a neuron Parenchymal cell
Inneremost meningeal membrane Pia Mater
Collection of blood above the dura mater Epidural Hematoma
Carries messages toward (afferen) the brain and spinal cord from receptors Sensory Nerves
Pertaing to the membrans around the brain and spinal cord Meninggeal
Inflammation of the pia and arachnoid membrans Leptomeningitis
a cancer that is commonly found in the adrenal glands neuroblastoma
doctors that specialize in the brain and nervous system neurologists
weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage, usually in the hands and feet neuropathy
peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of neuroscience neuropharmacology
toxins that are poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue neurotoxin
deadly virus spread to people from the saliva of infected animals rabies
reactivation of the chickenpox virus in the body, causing a painful rash shingles
a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron synapse
the computational process by which an individual neuron processes its synaptic inputs and converts them into an output signal synaptic integration
a surgical procedure that disables selected pain-conducting tracts in the spinal cord, in order to achieve loss of pain and temperature perception cordotomy
broad term for any brain disease that alters brain function or structure encephalopathy
a condition in which patients experience neurological symptoms such as weakness, movement disorders, sensory symptoms and blackouts functional brain disease
abnormal smallness of the brain microencephaly
he infection or the inflammation of the white matter or gray matter of the spinal cord which is a part of the central nervous system that acts as a bridge between the brain and the rest of the body myelitis
a type of radiographic examination that uses a contrast medium to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors myelogram
a relatively mild mental illness that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress but not a radical loss of touch with reality neuroses
the destruction of all or part of the globus pallidus by chemicals or freezing, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease pallidectomy
a mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality psychoses
composed of bundles, which connect various gray matter areas of the brain to each other, and carry nerve impulses between neurons white matter
a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil, glial cells , synapses, and capillaries grey matter
a combination of areflexia/hyporeflexia and autonomic dysfunction that accompanies spinal cord injury spinal shock
the loss of the ability to move in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury paralysis
contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons entering the spinal cord spinal ganglia
the most popular method of pain relief during labor epidural
a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system blood-brain barrier
a thick membrane that is the outermost of the three layers of the meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord dura matter
the delicate innermost layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord pia matter
regions of the cerebral cortex, in the human or other primate brain, defined by its cytoarchitecture, or histological structure and organization of cells brodmann areas
the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord central nervous system