Chapter 1 vocabulary Crossword

Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis.
a collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data.
3.(of a quantity or dimension, especially of manufactured articles) stated or expressed but not necessarily corresponding exactly to the real value
an intervening time or space
the complete collection of all elements to be studied (measurments, scores, people). the collection is complete in the sense that it inlcudes all subjects to be studied
Classifies data into categories that can be ranked ordered differences between the rings do not exist and arbitrating two ranks does that make sense in the context of the problem.
Possesses all characteristics of the interval level but also includes a true zero the true rational exist want to same variable is measured on two different members of the population.
Can be assigned numerical values and our countable (and therefore not decimals).
Numerical they can be ordered for ranked
Can be placed into distinct categories according to some characteristics or attribute. sometimes call Categorization.
A group of objects selected from a population that poses similar characteristics to those in the population.
Selected by using chance or random samples.
Number every subject in the population and then select every Kth subject, making sure to choose the first subject a random
Divide the population into strata (groups) based on some key characteristics that is important to the study, and then sample and then sample randomly from each group.
Divide a population into clumps groups by some means and then randomly select one of the characteristics using all members of the chosen clusters as a sample.
Sampling based on ease
count or measure of an entire population
a numerical description of a population, generally estimated, but fixed values
can assume an infinite number of values between any two specific values
each member has an equal chance of being selected using a random number method
occurs when an experimenter cannot tell the difference between the effects of different factors on the variable
Subjects do not know whether they have placebo or actual treatment
repetition of the experiment under the same or similar conditions
subjects sorted into subgroups so they don't respond differently to a treatment - in experimental design
the researcher merely observes what is happening or what has happened in the past and tries to draw conclusions based on these observations
researcher and subjects both do not know who has been given placebo or treatment
control group receives an inert treatment (show effects if they really think they are getting the 'real thing')
type of data collected by observing many subjects (such as individuals, firms, countries, or regions) at the same point of time, or without regard to differences in time.
incurred when the statistical characteristics of a population are estimated from a subset, or sample, of that population.
statistical error caused by human error to which a specific statistical analysis is exposed. These errors can include, but are not limited to, data entry errors, biased questions in a questionnaire.
the outcome of interest has already occurred at the time the study is initiated
study watches for outcomes, such as the development of a disease, during the study period and relates this to other factors such as suspected risk or protection factor(s).
subjects are very carefully chosen
relies on randomization to control for the effects of extraneous variables. The experimenter assumes that, on averge, extraneous factors will affect treatment conditions equally; so any significant differences between conditions can fairly be attributed to the independent variable.
a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample.