General & Local Anesthetics Crossword

Is similar to a light state of general anesthesia characterized by decreased consciousness from which the patient is not easily aroused.
Is added to minimize the discomfort associated with injection of local anesthesia and the surgical manipulations.
The easiest anesthetic end point to measure.
Its common use is to facilitate induction of general anesthesia by bolus injection of 1-2.5 mg/kg IV.
Propofol is a potent respiratory depressant and generally produces _____ after an induction dose.
___________ is a water-soluble of prodrug Propofol, rapidly metabolized by alkaline phosphates, and producing propofol, phosphate, and formaldehyde.
____________ has a shorter elimination half-life than thiopental due to its larger plasma clearance.
It produces dose-dependent CNS depression ranging from sedation to general anesthesia when administered as bolus injection.
Benzodiazepines are unique among the group of intravenous anesthesia in that their action can readily be terminated by administration of their selective antagonist, __________.
_________ is an intravenous anesthetic with hypnotic but not analgesic effects and is often chosen for its minimal hemodynamic effects.
The characteristic state observed after an induction dose of ________ is known as "dissociative anesthesia".
Ketamine's MOA is _______.
The clearance for dexmedetomidine is ____.
The elimination half-life for dexmedetomidine is ____.
_______ are analgesic agents and are distinct from general anesthetics and hypnotics.
_______________ is principally used for the short-term sedation of intubated and ventilated patients in ICU setting.
___________ affect neurons at various cellular locations, but the primary focus has been on the synapse.
_______ anesthetics is a volatile as well as gaseous, are taken up through gas exchange in the alveoli of the lung.
The anesthetic state is achieved when the partial pressure of the anesthetic in the brain reaches a threshold concentration determined by its _______.
An acute toxicity which occurs when the metabolism of enflurane and sevoflurane may generate compounds that are potentially nephrotoxic.
_________ is effective for premedication, sedation during regional anesthesia, and brief therapeutic procedures.
Etomidate, like most other IV anesthetics, is highly protein bound (70%0, primarily to _______.
Ketamine is considered to be a cerebral vasodilator that _________ cerebral blood flow.
_______ fibers have a high firing rate and relatively long action potential duration.
_____ fibers fire at a slower rate and have a shorter action potential duration.
_________ is a spinal anesthetic formulation cantaining procaine.
The most feared complications associated with local anesthetic administration result from the profound effects these agents can have on cardiac conduction and function.
Current clinical use of _______ is largely restricted to topical anesthesia for ear, nose, and throat procedures, where its intense vasoconstriction can serve to reduce bleeding.
It is often avoided for techniques that demand high volumes of concentrated anesthetic.
Had an excellent record as an intermediate duration anesthetic, and remains the reference standard against which most anesthetics are compared.