Factors That Influence Brain Function Crossword

A protein receptor channel that automatically opens when a transmitter binds to it. Example: Salty and sour.
The receptor that is coupled to a G-protein and causes a chain of chemical reactions and indirectly alters ion movement. Examples: olfactory, sweet, bitter, umami.
Substance that binds to a receptor, also known as "The Key". Examples: Neurotransmitter, Drug.
Receptacle for binding. Where the "key" fits into the "lock".
____________ substances, like drugs, are molecules that enter our bodies from the outside environment by inhalation, ingestion, or injection.
Substances that occur naturally within our body. For example, neurotransmitters.
Another name for a receptor promoter, which binds and activates receptors. Mimics or enhances the effect of a neurotransmitter.
What is another name for a receptor inhibitor that either binds elsewhere but prevents activation or decreases binding affinity of a receptor ligand.
What is it called when a neurotransmitter and drug compete for the same location but have the same goal?
What is it called when a substance binds to a different site on a receptor but mimics the same effect of a neurotransmitter?
What is it called when certain substances that bind to receptors but do not activate them. They block agonists from binding to endogenous ligand bonds?
What do we call drugs that may bind to target receptors at a site that is different from where the endogenous ligand binds?
What do we call chemical released into target cells when action potentials reach axon terminals? Examples include: epinephrine and acetylcholine.
What is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain? It is the most abundant of all neurotransmitters. Hint: primarily involved in learning and memory.
What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain? It also shapes the information we have.
Which neurotransmitter is involved in motor systems, sympathetic/parasympathetic systems, and in learning?
Which neurotransmitter has two pathways? One pathway is for motor function and the other for reward. Also involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and fine movement.
Another name for this neurotransmitter is 5HT. It is involved primarily in sleep, emotion, temperature, appetite, learning, memory and sex.
What is the cells response to an antagonist that blocks effects of neurotransmitter? The brain adds more receptors because the brain thinks there is not enough transmitter.
What is the cells response to an agonist that mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter? The body takes away some receptors because it thinks we have too much neurotransmitter.
Which system releases product, specifically hormones, directly into the blood, signalling molecules?
Which system releases product, such as hormones or other, to the external environment? Example: found in sweat, tears and milk.
Which hormones are lipophobic and they cannot cross the cell membrane without active transport, so they bind to membrane receptors that use a second messenger system like a G-protein? Examples of these are insulin and growth hormone.
What is the name of the tissue that that creates and secretes hormones?
The gland that consists of the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin. This gland allows hormones to go straight from the axon to the bloodstream.
The gland that consists of releasing hormones which are produced in the hypothalamus. Also supports the pathway of releasing hormone, to tropic hormone, to hormone being secreted by target.
Hormones that travel through the bloodstream and regulate endocrine glands throughout the body. Examples: prolactin, gonadotropic hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormones and lutenizing hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone and growth hormone.
Which hormone in the posterior pituitary gland can stimulate contraction of uterine muscles and can get milk out of mammilary glands? Hint: synthetic form is petocin and it is involved in female pair bonding
Which hormone regulates blood pressure by stimulating constriction of blood vessels and increases water reabsorption by the kidneys? Hint: involved in male pair bonding.
The sex-determining region on the Y-chromosome that causes gonads to be testes. Without this, gonad develops into ovaries.
Hormonal effects on tissue differentiation and development. Example: determination of whether the brain and body will develop male or female characteristics.
Effect or a hormone that occurs in a fully developed organism. Example: Menstrual cycle for females and sexual excitement for males.
Which sex is the default sex?
A partial or complete loss of language abilities following brain damage. It can happen in the Broca's or Wernicke's area.
What is the inability to recognize objects. most commonly caused by damage to posterior parietal areas of the brain?
This process is initiated when the hypothalamus secretes GnRH. GnRH then activates the secretion of gonadotropic hormones such as lutenizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary glands. Examples: enlargement of testes, weight gain, increase in height, and budding breasts.
The system with embryonic precursors of the male internal sex organs.