Description

The horizontal members of a shoring system installed perpendicular to the sides of the excavation, the ends of which bear against either uprights or wales
Any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal
A narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground. In general, the depth is greater than the width, but the width of a trench (measured at the bottom) is not greater than 15 feet (4.6m). If the excavation is wider than 15 feet, a structure can be built inside the excavation so that 15 feet or less exists from the side of the structure to the edge of the excavation. This also can be considered a trench.
An environment that is explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, oxygendeficient, toxic, or otherwise harmful, and may cause death, illness, or injury
A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels
One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them
The members of a shoring system that retain the earth in position, and in turn are supported by other members of the shoring system
The horizontal members of a shoring system placed parallel to the excavation face whose sides bear against the vertical members of the shoring system or earth
The vertical members of a trench shoring system placed in contact with the earth, and usually positioned so that individual members do not contact each other. Uprights placed so that individual members are closely spaced in contact with, or interconnected to, each other are often called “sheeting.”
A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating to form sides that are inclined away from the excavation. The angle of incline varies with differences in soil type, environmental conditions of exposure, and application of surcharge loads.
A horizontal to vertical relationship, with the horizontal expressed first and the vertical always expressed as one (1) (Example: 4:1)
A structure that is able to withstand the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby protect employees within the structure. Shields can be permanent structures or can be designed to be portable and moved along as work progresses. Additionally, shields can be either premanufactured or job-built in accordance with 1926.652 (c)(3) or (c)(4). Shields used in trenches are usually referred to as “trench boxes” or “trench shields.”

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is a crossword?

Crossword puzzles have been published in newspapers and other publications since 1873. They consist of a grid of squares where the player aims to write words both horizontally and vertically.

Next to the crossword will be a series of questions or clues, which relate to the various rows or lines of boxes in the crossword. The player reads the question or clue, and tries to find a word that answers the question in the same amount of letters as there are boxes in the related crossword row or line.

Some of the words will share letters, so will need to match up with each other. The words can vary in length and complexity, as can the clues.

Who is a crossword suitable for?

The fantastic thing about crosswords is, they are completely flexible for whatever age or reading level you need. You can use many words to create a complex crossword for adults, or just a couple of words for younger children.

Crosswords can use any word you like, big or small, so there are literally countless combinations that you can create for templates. It is easy to customise the template to the age or learning level of your students.

How do I create a crossword template?

For the easiest crossword templates, WordMint is the way to go!

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How do I choose the clues for my crossword?

Once you’ve picked a theme, choose clues that match your students current difficulty level. For younger children, this may be as simple as a question of “What color is the sky?” with an answer of “blue”.

Are crosswords good for students?

Crosswords are a great exercise for students' problem solving and cognitive abilities. Not only do they need to solve a clue and think of the correct answer, but they also have to consider all of the other words in the crossword to make sure the words fit together.

Crosswords are great for building and using vocabulary.

If this is your first time using a crossword with your students, you could create a crossword FAQ template for them to give them the basic instructions.

Can I print my crossword template?

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Can I create crosswords in other languages?

Crosswords are a fantastic resource for students learning a foreign language as they test their reading, comprehension and writing all at the same time. When learning a new language, this type of test using multiple different skills is great to solidify students' learning.

We have full support for crossword templates in languages such as Spanish, French and Japanese with diacritics including over 100,000 images, so you can create an entire crossword in your target language including all of the titles, and clues.