OSHA Chp 14 HO2 Crossword

The horizontal members of a shoring system installed perpendicular to the sides of the excavation, the ends of which bear against either uprights or wales
Any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal
A narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground. In general, the depth is greater than the width, but the width of a trench (measured at the bottom) is not greater than 15 feet (4.6m). If the excavation is wider than 15 feet, a structure can be built inside the excavation so that 15 feet or less exists from the side of the structure to the edge of the excavation. This also can be considered a trench.
An environment that is explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, oxygendeficient, toxic, or otherwise harmful, and may cause death, illness, or injury
A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels
One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them
The members of a shoring system that retain the earth in position, and in turn are supported by other members of the shoring system
The horizontal members of a shoring system placed parallel to the excavation face whose sides bear against the vertical members of the shoring system or earth
The vertical members of a trench shoring system placed in contact with the earth, and usually positioned so that individual members do not contact each other. Uprights placed so that individual members are closely spaced in contact with, or interconnected to, each other are often called “sheeting.”
A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating to form sides that are inclined away from the excavation. The angle of incline varies with differences in soil type, environmental conditions of exposure, and application of surcharge loads.
A horizontal to vertical relationship, with the horizontal expressed first and the vertical always expressed as one (1) (Example: 4:1)
A structure that is able to withstand the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby protect employees within the structure. Shields can be permanent structures or can be designed to be portable and moved along as work progresses. Additionally, shields can be either premanufactured or job-built in accordance with 1926.652 (c)(3) or (c)(4). Shields used in trenches are usually referred to as “trench boxes” or “trench shields.”