Microbiology Unit 3 Crossword

A large group of naturally occurring and synthetic antibiotic produced by Penicillium mold and active against the cell wall of bacteria. Most important natural forms used to treat gram-positve cocci, some gram-negative bacteria.
A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics isolated from the fungus Cephalosporium.
Antibiotic that targets the bacterial cell wall; used often in antibiotic resistant infections. Narrow spectrum of action; used to treat staphylococcal infections in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance or in patients with an allergy to penicillin.
Inhibits the enzymatic step immediately preceding the step inhibited by sulfonamides; trimethoprim often given in conjunction with sulfamethoxazole because of this synergistic effect; used to treat Pneumocystis jiroveci in AIDS patients.
Use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk.
The smallest concentration of drug needed to visibly control microbial growth.
A chemical substance from one microorganism that can inhibit or kill another microbe even in minute amounts.
Denotes drugs that have an effect on a wide variety of microorganisms.
Preparations of live microbes used as a preventive or therapeutic measure to displace or compete with potential pathogens.
In infection, the relative capacity of a pathogen to invade and harm host cells.
Infection will proceed only if a minimum number is present.
A specific chemical product of microbes, plants, and some animals that is poisonous to other organisms.
An infection that compounds a preexisting one.
The subjective evidence of infection and disease as perceived by the patient.
Systemic infection associated with microorganisms multiplying in circulating blood.
The total number of cases of a disease in a certain area and time period.
In epidemiology, the number of new cases of a disease occurring during a period.
An infectious disease indigenous to animals that humans can acquire through direct or indirect contact with infected animals.
An infection not present upon admission to a hospital but incurred while being treated there.
An acquired resistance to an infectious agent due to prior contact with that agent.
White blood cells. The primary infection-fighting blood cells.
A mature granulocyte present in peripheral circulation, exhibiting a multilobular nucleus and numerous cytoplasmic grannules that retain a neutral stain. Active phagocytic cell in bacterial infection.
A large protein molecule evoked in response to an antigen that interacts specifically with that antigen.
A chemical substance produced by white blood cells and tissue cells that regulates development, inflammation, and immunity.
A natural, nonspecific response to tissue injury that protects the host from further damage. It stimulates immune reactivity and blocks the spread of an infectious agent.
The accumulation of excess fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities. Also called swelling.
Natural human chemical that inhibits viral replication; used therapeutically to combat viral infections and cancer.
In immunology, serum protein components that act in a definite sequence when set in motion either by an antigen-antibody complex or by factors of the alternative (properdin) pathway.
In immunology, an augmented response or memory related to a prior stimulation of the immune system by antigen. It boosts the levels of immune substances.
Any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by B cells or T cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin.
To reduce the virulence of a pathogenic bacterium or virus by passing it through a nonnative host or by long-term subculture.
The precise molecular group of an antigen that defines its specificity and triggers the immune response.
The status of collective acquired immunity in a population that reduces the likelihood that nonimmune individuals will contract and spread infection. One aim of vaccination is to induce herd immunity.
The long-lived progeny of a sensitized lymphocyte that remains in circulation and is genetically programmed to react rapidly with its antigen.
The process of stimulating phagocytosis by affixing molecules to the surfaces of foreign cells or particles.
A toxin that has been rendered nontoxic but is still capable of eliciting the formation of protective antitoxin antibodies; used in vaccines.
Exposes a person to a specially prepared microbial stimulus, in a form that doe-s not cause the disease.